Bottlebrush Grass

Bottlebrush Grass

Elymus hystrix

Plant Type
Graminoid (Deciduous)
Landscape Layer
Herbaceous
Sun
☀️ Full Sun, ⛅ Part Sun, ☁️ Shade
Moisture
🏜️ Dry, 💧 Regular
Soil
Loam, Sand, Rocky / Acidic, Calcareous
Bloom
June, July, August
Sociability
S2 – Small groups

Pollinator Value

🐛 Larval Host
Resapamea stipata, Mythimna unipuncta

S13+S15 2 verified Eastern NA

❄️ Winter Food Source
Seeds of Elymus genus are consumed by Gray Partridge, Snow Bunting, Greater White-fronted Goose, Tundra Swan, and Chukar. Persistent spikelets on erect culms provide accessible winter seed for ground-foraging birds. White-footed Mouse also consumes seeds.

S57 5 bird species; S10 seeds eaten by White-footed Mouse

Ecology & Conservation

Proximity Score
0
Native Status
✅ Outaouais ✅ Ottawa ✅ QC ✅ ON
Closest Direction
Local
CEC Eco-Regions
5 – Northern Forests, 5.2 – Mixed Wood Shield, 5.2.3 – Algonquin/Southern Laurentians
Rarity Notes
Secure in Ontario (S5) but ranked Vulnerable (S3) in Quebec. Not listed under SARA or COSEWIC. National rank N5 (Secure) in Canada. Quebec vulnerability likely reflects limited populations at the northern edge of the species range. Uncommon in the Ottawa flora.

S22 S5 ON, S3 QC, N5 Canada; S26 not SARA listed; S62 Uncommon in Ottawa

Rarity Ranks
QC S3 – Vulnerable, ON S5 – Secure
Migration
Stable
Ecological Context
Characteristic grass of rich mesic deciduous forests and woodland understories in the Ottawa Valley, typically associated with sugar maple (Acer saccharum), American basswood (Tilia americana), and white ash (Fraxinus americana). Also found in dry-mesic woodlands and forests on hills and ridges underlain by circumneutral to basic bedrock. Gatineau Park specimens come from maple forests (erabliere) and rocky woods on Precambrian outcrops.

S61 habitat associations; S48 Gatineau specimens in erabliere and rocky woods; S7 rich deciduous forests

Permaculture & Companion Planting

Roles
Fortress/Barrier, Pollinator Attractor

S73/S29/S72 Evidence: Fortress/Barrier: S61 keyword match: prickl (supporting signal only)] | Pollinator Attractor: S73 [HIGH]: S64 Xerces listed (source-classified)]

Medicinal Properties

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Category
Ceremonial Medicine

S28 Iroquois Drug, Ceremonial Medicine

Notes
Iroquois prepared a decoction of Elymus hystrix leaves combined with reed grass rootstocks as a ceremonial medicine used to soak corn seeds before planting, described as a protective agricultural ritual (Waugh 1916).

S28 Moerman NAEB, Iroquois Drug/Ceremonial Medicine

Edibility & Foraging

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✅ Edible   

Foraging Notes
Iroquois used a decoction of leaves and reed grass rootstocks as a ceremonial medicine to soak corn seeds before planting (Waugh 1916). Not a conventional food plant; the use is ritual/agricultural rather than dietary.

S28 Moerman Food=1 use, Iroquois ceremonial

Seed Source

  • Localeaf
Bottlebrush Grass